TALARIAN SOURCE
===============

[...]matr‰mmehe parctanihan wak‰ takam ra
camtawarsnacartacactohawehham. hacniyyanihanta
stat— ¨¨a - haretaqalffaffrucarca pusa¨ucarcahe
watarcahe fflawocernanarcahe heytnarcahamtar
heleyyamcahe saln™scahe alfersamcahe pipalamcahe
pamptrasalnas‰tamcahe : ra wawweysi alpatanihan :
saltapawecawatarcahe : ra qa¨yyapar alpatanihan.
calcanitahan ¨¨arat— ¨¨a -
haretaqalffaffruc‰lfersapusa¨ucar, t‰y, xawenct— ¨¨a -
wataheleyyasaln™pipalapamptrasalnas‰tasaltapawecawatar.
s‰ht— cartacactan. s‰ht— ffrucacactancahe, t‰y,
stant— ffrucacactanta cartacactasihanca, t‰y,
stant— cact™sta cartananihan, t‰yhe, qecuca.



TRANSLATION FROM TALARIAN
=========================

Ask my mother, and she will gladly tell you how 
to cook her favorite dish.

In the kitchen, prepare beef, potatoes, water, corn-
or wheat-flour, grease, spice [salt?], lots of onion, 
pepper, five taste seed (schizandra in many shops) 
and sauce (one may use ketchup).

Into a bowl, cut the beef, onion and potatoes, then,
stir the water, grease, salt, pepper, schizandra and
sauce.  Make dough, and wrap clumps of the
filling in it.  Place them in a basket and deep-fry
them.


Notes: I went ahead and took some liberties with some
of the lesser-documented features of the source text.
For example, I interpreted {compose|loaf} as "loaf
raw material" = dough, {pungent|water} as "sauce" (it
could have been soy sauce, vinegar, salt water, brandy
or broth, but it had to fit with the ketchup 
addendum), and {ketchup in many shops} as "one may use
ketchup (for the sauce)".  The last one is a huge 
stretch, but I couldn't think of a sensible meaning 
for {sauce (ketchup in many shops)}.



JOVIAN
======

Si rohas mi ei mare, linder i diher tic conde faeher 
[si ro:s mi e va:r  'lind@r i 'zi:r tiC kAnd 'faj@r]

sun xuder crioma.
[sun 'tSu:d@r kri@m]


In cluena, para buovul, ponderrae, auga, frina nyh
[iN gly@n  pa:r 'bu@v@l  pAn'dErre  awg  fri:n ny]

maeze aud triccun, fette, sale, muoda heba, piover,
[majz ot 'trikk@  fet  sa:l  mu@d he:b  'pi@v@r]

seime jon cionge sappurs (peoladun xizandra muode in
[sejm jAN giNg 'sapp@rs  pE'la:d@ Si'zand@r mu@d im]

venaela) ed sausa (man poesse suwer ketchup).
[me'najl  e dzawz m@ pas 'su:v@r 'ketS@p]


In peive, contxa en buovul, heba ed ponderrae; tun
[im bejv  kAntS em 'bu@v@l  he:b ep pAn'dErre  tuN]

compfunde en auga, fette, sale, piover, xizandra ed
[kAm'pfund en awg  fet  sa:l  'pi@v@r  Si'zand@r e]

sausa.  Faehe pasta, ed immoule ei nas buccae yh
[dzawz  fajC paSt  e dim'mowl ej n@s 'bukke y]

faerwindun.  Pone eas in courvul ed assa eas ni oelun.
[fEr'vind@  po:n Ez iN 'gurv@l e das Es ni 'Ajl@]  



GRAMMAR NOTES
=============

Noun Phrases:

In Modern Jovian, nouns only inflect for number, not for case.
Only pronouns still have case inflections.  For that reason, it
is important that each noun phrase be marked with at least an 
article or a preposition, lest it be interpreted by default as 
a nominative before the verb or an accusative after the verb.

The 3rd person personal pronoun |is, ja, id| "he, she, it" doubles
as the definite article e.g. |ja feima| "the woman" (literally: 
"she woman").  The indefinite article is |u, a, un|.  Both are
very irregular, thus their inflected forms are given in the 
vocabulary.

A peculiarity of Jovian noun phrases is the fronting of modifiers.
An adjective or adjective-like pronoun can be moved BEFORE the 
noun phrase's first word (an article or preposition), where it
loses all inflection.  Observe:

  |a feima beola| OR |beole a feima| "a pretty woman"

With most pronouns, this construction is actually mandatory:

  |oene ni obe| "by every means"
  |nuole u omme| "not a single man, no man"
  |mi yh mare| "of my mother"

A possessive pronoun and a following article are often
contracted:

  |mih pare| = *|mi ih pare| "my father (NOM)"

The oblique case combines the roles of the Latin dative and
ablative cases.

Plural endings for the nouns include -s, -i (male), -ae 
(feminine), -a (neuter), -ei (e-thematic).

The oblique case combines the function of Latin dative and
ablative.  It is sometimes used instead of a locative or
instrumental preposition:

  |ei Dowingu| "on Sunday"
  |esser ei coeglare| "to eat with the spoon"



Verbs:

Jovian verbs always inflect for person and number.

The regular verb endings are the following:

1sg: -o          1pl: -ame, -ime, -in
2sg: -as, -es    2pl: -aese, -ise, -is
3sg: -a, -e      3pl: -an, -en, -un

The imperative is in all but the most irregular cases identical
to the 3sg form.

The past participle ends in -ade, -ide for the regular verbs, 
and can be inflected like an adjective.  Irregular and athematic 
verbs have less recognizable PPs; they are given in the lexical
notation.

  |aware| "to love"
  |awade| "loved" (uninflected form)
  |maedel awada| "loved girl"
  |cerle awadu| "loved guy"
  |aemmaele awadun| "loved animal"

Most verb modulations are built with the help of auxiliaries, 
e.g.:

  |haere| + PP: perfect aspect/tense
     |hae facte| "(he, she) made, has made"
  |gare| + infinitive: conditional mood
     |ga venire| "(he, she) would come"
  |fire| + PP: passive voice
     |fi candade| "(it) is sung"
  |ire| + infinitive: future tense
     |jau uenger| "I will win"
  |ere| + |in| + infinitive: continuous aspect
     |sou in laubrare| "I am working"



VOCABULARY
==========

|aud| conj. "or"
|assare| v. "fry (ACC)"
|auga| n.f. "water"
|bucca| n.f. "cheek; large bite, mouthful"
|buovul| n.f. "beef"
|cionge| adj. "five"
|cluena| n.f. "kitchen"
|conde| adv. "how", relative or interrogative
|contxare| v. "slice, cut into pieces, chop (ACC)"
|compfunder, -pfuse| v. "confuse; mix together"
|courvul| n.f. "basket; sieve"
|criomu| adj. "favorite, most beloved"
|diher, dicte| v. "say, tell (ACC to OBL)"
|eas| pron. 3pl ACC feminine
|ed| conj. "and"
|ei| pron. 3sg OBL
|en| pron. 3sg ACC (masculine or feminine)
|faeher| v. "make, produce, create (ACC)"
|faerwindun| n.n. "filling, stuffing"
|fette| n.n. "fat, grease"
|frina| n.f. "flour"
|heba| n.f. "onion"
|i| (3sg of the verb |ire|)
|in| prep. "in, on, at"
|immouler, imblude| v. "involve; wrap (ACC in OBL)"
|ire| v. future tense auxiliary, "will"
|jon| pron. 3pl GEN
|ketchup| n. (proper name)
|linder| adv. "willingly, with pleasure"
|maeze| n. "corn, maize"
|man| pron. (impersonal, categorical pronoun), French "on", German "man"
|mare| n.f. "mother"
|mi| pron. "my"
|muodu| adj. "much, many"
|nas| pron. (indefinite article ACC pl feminine)
|ni| pron. (indefinite article OBL sg)
|nyh| pron. (indefinite article GEN sg)
|oelun| n.n. "oil"
|parare| v. "prepare; plan (ACC)"
|pasta| n.f. "dough, batter; pasta"
|peive| n.f. "bowl; pelvis, hips"
|peolare| v. "call, summon; name (ACC)"
|piover| n.n. "pepper"
|poesser, poeste| v. "can, be able to (ACC)"
|ponderra| n.f. "potato"
|poner, poeste| v. "put, place (ACC)"
|rohare| v. "ask (OBL about ACC; ACC from OBL)"
|sale| n.m. "salt"
|sappur| n.m. "taste, flavor"
|sausa| n.f. "sauce"
|se| pron. 3sg reflexive ACC
|seime| n.n. "seed; semen"
|si| conj. "if, in case"
|su| pron. "his, her, its, their"
|sun| (contraction of |su en|)
|suwer, sunte| v. "take (ACC)"
|tic| pron. 2sg OBL
|triccun| n.n. "wheat"
|tun| adv. "then, afterwards, subsequently; then (in the past)"
|venaele| n.n. "shop; market stall"
|xizandra| n. (proper name)
|xuder| n.f. "platter, serving plate, dish, meal"